Printing apparatus.



PATENTED FEB. 17, 1903.

R. HERMAN.

PRINTING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 3, 1902.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

N0 MODEL.

m: "cams PEVEns co. wmouma. WASHINGTON, a. c

PATENTED FEB. 17, 1903;

R. HERMAN.

IO MODEL.

PATENTBD FEB-:17, 1903.

v R. HERMAN. PRINTING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED .NOV. 3, 1902.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

flag d no MODEL.

No. 721,041. PATBNTED FEB. 17., 1903. R. HERMAN.

PRINTING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION mum nov. a, 190:.

I0 IODEL. 5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

7 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

REINHOLD HERMAN, OF GRAFTON, PENNSYLVANIA.

PRINTING APPARATUS.

SP ON formingpart of Letters Patent No. 721,044, dated February 17,1903.

Application filed November 8, 19Q2. Serial No. 129,817- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, REINHOLD HERMAN, a citizen of the United States ofAmerica, resid:

ing at Grafton, in the county of Allegheny and.

State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Printing Ap paratus, of which the following is a specification,reference being bad therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements inprinting apparatus,

and relates more particularly to devices employed for the reproductionof negatives by objects of the invention that the same lamp.

is employed for both cylinders.

.A further object of my invention is to provide means whereby theprinting-cylinders may be turned on their trunnions in order that thenegatives to be reproduced may be more;

easily, conveniently, and readily secured upon the cylinders and toprovide improved means for securing said negatives in position on thecylinders. K A still further object of the invention is t provideautomatic means for closing the circuit to the lamp, for maintaining aclosed circuit during the descent of the lamp within the cylinder untilthe desired limit of its downward travel has been reached, and for thenautomatically changing the path of current from one of low resistance toone of high resistance, which is maintained during the ascent of thelamp until it has been elevated to the desired height, and thenautomatically cutting out the circuit after the lamp has come to rest inits elevated or normal position.

My invention, as heretofore stated, also con: templates improvements inthe securing means for holding the negativesin position on the printingcylinder or cylinders, whereby after the negatives have been placed onthe cylinder or cylinders in the desired position ingdrawings, forming apart of this application, and wherein like numerals of reference will beemployed for indicating like parts throughout the difierent views, inwhich Figure l is a detail side elevation of my improved printingapparatus With one of the printing-cylinders in the upright position,ready to receive the lamp, and the other cylinder shown in perspectivein a substantially horizontal position, ready to be loaded with thematter to be reproduced. Fig. 1 is a central vertical sectional View ofa part of the central stand-pipe, showing the rotarycircuitcontroller inenlarged view. Fig. 1 is a detail side elevation .of a portion of one ofthe supporting-standards, showing the segmental .ways and conicalrecesses therein.

I Fig. 1 is a detailside elevation of a part of the standpipe, showingthe means for rotating and looking the pipe in position. Fig. 2isadetail top plan View showing one of the printing-cylin- ,dersin theupright or vertical position and the other in the horizontal position.Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a part of. one of the printing-cylindersand a part' of the securingapron, the latter being shown closed on oneside of the cylinder and open on the other, and alsoshowing the nieansfor clamping the apron in position. Fig. 4: is a central verticalsectional view of the bracket and pulleys from which the lamp andcircuit-wires are sus-' pended. Fig. 5 is a transverse verticalsectional view of the same.- Fig. 6 is a top plan view, partly brokenaway, of the gear mechanism for returning the lamp to its elevatedposition. Fig. 6 is a detail top plan view of a part of the crank-shaftof the rewinding mechanism, showing the crank-clutch. Fig. 7 is a sideelevation of the same. Fig. 8 is a central vertical sectional view ofthe central stand-pipe and of the feed-controlling valve for the lamp.Fig. 9 is an enlarged central vertical sectional view of the adjustingmechanism for the controlling-valve. Fig. 10 is an enlarged centralvertical sectional view of a part of the stand-pipe and thecontrollingvalve. Fig. 11 is a horizontal sectional view of thestand-pipe and controlling-valve cylinder, showing the rotarycircuit-connectorin top plan view. Fig. 12 is a detail perspective viewof a part of the securing-apron and also of the spring releasing meanstherefor. Fig. 13 is a detached detail side elevation of thevariable-resistance-changing switch. Fig. 13 is across-sectional view ofthe lock for securing the apron-securing rods in thelccked position.Fig. 14 is a diagrammatical view of the circuit, showing the twoswitches in plan View, the resistance-box in section, and the lamp inelevation.

In the art of reproducing drawings and the like by the aid of artificiallight as heretofore practiced it has generally been the practice toprovide a stationary vertical cylinder composed of transparent material,such as glass, on which the matter to be copied or reproduced is placed,and an arc-lamp is lowered into this cylinder, being controlled in itsdescent so as to travel gradually and allow the printing or reproducingoperation to be performed. Since, as stated, these cylinders aremaintained in the vertical position, it is a difficult matter to retainthe drawing or other matter to be reproduced or copied in properposition on the cylinder while the fastening means therefor is beingsecured. In my invention, while I employ the transparent cylinder andthe traveling lamp, I mount the cylinder in such a manner as to permitthe rotating or revolving of the cylinder and the consequent bringing ofthe same to a substantially horizontal position, so that the matter tobe reproduced or copied may be placed thereon and secured, after whichthe cylinder is returned to the upright position,

ready to receive the lamp to perform thev printing operation.

In my former application, filed October 1, 1901, Serial No. 77,192, Ishow a printingcylinder mounted on trunnions, so as to be rotated orrevolved, as above described; but in the former application I employ anautomatic cut-out to cut out the circuit and extinguish the lamp uponthe completion of the printing operationthat is, when it has reached thepredetermined limit of its downward travelwhile in the presentapplication I do not extinguish the lamp upon the completion of theprinting operation, or, in other words, do not cut out the circuit toextinguish the lamp when the printing operation is completed, butinstead I maintain a closed circuit both during the descent and ascentof the lamp within the printing-cylinder and only cut out thelamp-circuit when the lamp is at its elevated or normal position.

I will now describe the mechanism in detail which I have shown hereinand which constitutes a practical embodiment of my invention.

To put my invention into practice, I provide two pair of supportingstandards or uprights 1 1 and 2 2, all connected rigidly together by tiebolts or rods 3. Each of these supporting standards or uprights isprovided at its upper end with a suitable bearing, in which bearings arejournaled the trunnions 4 of the respective cylinders. As each of thecylinders and also the securing means for retaining the matter to bereproduced or copied in position on the cylinders is identical, the samereference-numerals will be employed for like parts, aside from thosejust used, and the designating-numerals 5 and 6 for the respectivecylinders. The two cylinders 5 and 6 have the trunnions 4L rigidlyconnected at their inner ends to angle-bar clamps 7, which are in turnrigidly fastened in any approved manner to angle-bar uprights 8 atopposite sides of the cylinder. These angle-bar uprights 8 are suitablyconnected at their upper and lower ends to supporting-rings 9 and 10,

respectively, in which rings the ends of the transparentprinting-cylinders are seated. In practice the transparent cylinders aremade in two semicylindrical halves, which are securely joined togetherto form the cylinder by means as will be now described. To this end Iemploy a substantially T- shaped strip, the flanges 11 of which overlapon the inner face of the cylinder at the adjacent edges of the halvesand the flange 12 of which is engaged by the adjacent edges of the saidtwo halves of the cylinder. This flange 12 of the T-shaped binding-stripprojects into a groove 11, provided therefor throughout the inner faceof the two oppositely-disposed side strips 15, these strips on theirouter faces being shaped so as to fit neatly in the angle-bars 8, thelatter being fastened at suitable points throughout their length to thestrips 15. The groove 14 in one of the strips 15 of each cylinder ismade slightly larger in size than on the other strip 15 at the oppositeside of each cylinder, so as to receive the apron of canvas or likedurable material which binds the matter to be reproduced or copied uponthe cylinder. I am thus enabled to employ a single piece of material toform the apron for both sides of the printing-cylinder, and to this endI take a piece of canvas or like durable material of suitable length andWidth as may be required, according to the length and diameter of thecylinder being employed, and place the center of the material within thegroove 14: of one of the strips 15, where it is secured by the flange 12of the T-shaped strip, which wedges the canvas or other material firmlyin position, the T-shaped strips being held in position by bolts orscrews 16 passing through the said T-shaped strips, through the strips15,

IIO

and into the angle-bars 8. Thus two aprons 17 are provided for eachcylinder, one for one side and the other for the opposite side of thecylinder, each apron being permanently fastened at one edge anddetachably secured at its other edge. In order to secure the aprons intheir binding position around the cylinder to hold the matter beingreproduced or copied, or to loosen the aprons, so that the matter may beremoved after the printing operation,

I provide improved fastening means, which will now be described.

In Fig. 3 the manner of permanently securing the aprons at one edge, asabove described, is fully shown, and in this view is also illustratedthe manner in which the opposite edge of the aprons is fastened. Thisview shows one of the aprons bound upon the cylinder and the apron atthe opposite side of the cylinder unfastened. Along the free edges ofthe aprons I place a strip of wood or thin metal 18 and Wrap the edge ofthe apron around the same (see Fig. 3) and suitably fasten the apron tothis strip. Then at intervals throughout the length of the apron Isecure clamp-blocks 19, which may, if desired, be employed to form themeans for securing the canvas wrapped around the strip 18. Each of theseclamp-blocks carries a tooth or ridge 20 to be engaged by a series ofpawls 21, carried on rods 22, journaled in the ends of angle-brackets23, rigidly fastened to one of the bars 8 of each cylinder-frame. Theserods 22 are adapted to be operated in the journals of the brackets 23,whereby all of the catches or pawls 21 of the one apron may besimultaneously engaged with and disengaged from the clamp-blocks 19 ofthe same apron,

and to this end I rigidly secure to one end of the rods 22 a collar 21,carrying a handle 25.

' This collar also carries a segment 26, provided with a slot 27 toreceive a threaded stud 28, carried by the ring 9, this stud projectingthrough the slot 27 of the segment and receiving a lock-nut 29, by meansof which the rods 22 and their pawls are held in the locked position. Asthe lock-nut 29 is turned so as to tighten the same, the segment 26 willbe firmly bound between said nut and the nut 30 on the stud 28 and therod 22 held in the locked position, while when the nut 29 is loosenedthe rod 22 may be turned by the handle 25, the stud 28 riding inthe slot27 of the segment, the pawls 21 being disengaged from the clamp-blocks19 by the turning of the rod. When the apron is unfastened, it isdesirable that the same be held out of the way of the operator inremoving the matter that has just been copied, and I therefore providemeans for automatically elevating the apron and holding the same awayfrom the cylinder, this means operating in such a manner as not todisturb the matter carried by the cylinder. This means also enables meto apply and secure the apron on the cylinder without danger ofaccidentally displacing the drawings or other matter out of the positionin which they have been placed on the cylinder. As stated, the cylinderis placed in the horizontal position, both for placing the matterthereon and for removing the matter therefrom, as shown in the positionof the left-hand cylinder in Figs. 1 and 2. In order, therefore, thatthe aprons may be suspended away from the cylinder, as shown for the oneapron in Fig. 1, I attach to the inside bars 8 of each cylinder-framethe one end of spring strips or bars 31, one near each end of the apron,these strips or bars being provided near their other ends with slots 32to receive the shank of headed studs or buttons 33, carried by the apronalong its free edge, the buttons being carried by the strips 18. Thesestrips or bars are preferably made of stiff spring-steel, and when theedge of the apron is unfastened the springs elevate the apron out of theway, as seen in Fig. 1, and hold the same suspended. As the springs arenot rigidly fastened to the apron at the outer edge of the latter, (theshank of the button sliding in the slot,) it will be observed that thestretching qualities of the apron will not be impaired and that the samemay be drawn down tightly upon the matter on the cylinder, firmlybinding same in position. These springs also enable me to easily securethe matter on the cylinder without danger of accidentally displacing thesame, as it will be observed that the flexible apron is held distendedorstretched and may therefore be drawn down upon the cylinder, firmlybinding the matter to be copied between the apron and the cylinder. Theoutside trunnion 4 of each cylinder may be provided with a crank 34,having a handle 35, and each crank carries an inwardly-extending boss36, through which and through the crank extends a spring-pressedlocking-pin 37, the inner end of which ridesin segmental ways 37',provided therefor on the outer face of the two outside standards 1 and2. A plurality of conical recesses 38' are made in the path of the ways37, into which the springpressed pins will engage and hold the cylinderin the position in which it has been placed. The recesses 38 to receivethe locking-pins 37 are made conical, whereby the pins may be forced outof seating engagement as the crank is operated without necessitating thewithdrawal of the pins by hand.

In my present application I employ two cylinders, using the same lampfor both cylinders. To this end the cylinders are ar- IIO ranged side byside, and between the inside 7 standard 1 and the inside standard 2 Iplace curely fastened to the inside standards 1 and 2, which stirrupalso acts as a spacer between the two standards, the stand-pipe alsorotating in an upper collar 40, secured to the standards at their upperends, and also acting as a spacer for the standards. The lower end ofthe stand-pipe 38 rests on the flange of a cap-nut 41, which closes theliquid or pneumatic cylinder 42 at its lower end, the flange of this nutbeing interiorly threaded to receive the exteriorly-threaded lower endof the cylinder 42. The cap-nut 41 is supported on an adjusting-screw43, carried in the lower cross-strap of the stirrup. The brass cylinderin connection with its valves is the means employed for controlling andregulating the descent of the lamp, and, as will be evident, this mayeither be employed as a liquid or as a pneumatic cylinder. I prefer,however, to employ a liquidsuch, for instance, as oilas there is nowaste and a smoother working is obtained. The cylinder 42 at its upperend is closed by a collar 44, threaded into the cylinder, and after thiscollar has been secured in position the cylinder is held against anyvertical movement by means of set-screws 45, engaging through thestand-pipe 38 into the collar 44. A hollow plunger or piston rod 46extends through the collar 44 and through a stuffing-box 47, carried bythe collar, this plunger or piston rod carrying a plunger or piston 48on its lower end, which is secured to the hollow plunger or piston rodby means of a collar 49, into which the rod is threaded. This plunger orpiston is provided with ports 50, and during the ascent of the plungeror piston these ports are closed by a circular valve 51, which ismounted on the collar 49 and has vertical movement thereon between thehead of the plunger or piston 48 and the flanged upper end 52 of thecollar 49.

The hollow plunger-rod 46 is provided at a point above the collar 49with inlet-ports 53 and at its lower end has a val ve-seat 54. The flowof the liquid into the ports 53 and down through the hollow plunger-rodbelow the plunger or piston 48 and the descent of the lamp therebycontrolled is regulated by a valve 45, secured to the lower end of avalve rod or stem 56, extending through the hollow plunger-rod 46 andthreaded at its upper end into a frame 57, secured to the upper end ofthe hollow plunger-rod 46, above the stuffingboX 47. As the rod 56 iselevated or lowered and the valve 55 thereby brought closer to or movedfarther away from the valve-seat 54, thus decreasing or increasing thesize of the opening at the outlet and regulating the ascent of theplunger or piston and the descent of the lamp, the valve and its stem orrod are operated to regulate the flow of the liquid by means ofbevel-pinions 58 and 59, the former threaded on the rod or stem 56within the frame 57 and the latter meshing with the pinion 58 and beingfirmly secured to a stem 60, journaled in a bushing 61, carried by theframe 57. The stem 60 carries a suitable operating-wheel 62. Thebevel-pinion has bushings on its upper and lower faces, (see Fig. 9,)the lower bushing engaging the bottom of the frame and the upper bushingengaging the lower end of an interior extension 63, carried by the frame57. This extension is interiorly threaded to receive the threaded upperend of the stem or rod 56. Thus as the pinion 59 is rotated by means ofthe hand-wheel 62 and connecting-stem 60 the pinion 58 is rotated andthe stem 56 elevated or lowered, according to the direction in which thehand-wheel is turned, and the outlet-port at the bottom of the hollowplunger-rod is regulated. As the plunger or piston ascends the circularvalve 51 is held to its seat by the pressure thereon, and as the plungeror piston descends the pressure of the liquid through ports 50 liftsthis valve and permits the liquid to again flow into the cylinder 42above the plunger or piston. At its upper end the frame 57 is providedwith an eye 64, to which the plunger or piston cable 65 is attached, andat the side opposite to the bushing 61 the frame is provided with anextending lug 66, provided with an eye to receive a rod for connectingwith the automatic cut-out or switch. The stand-pipe 38 is provided onopposite sides with slots 67 to receive the bushing 61 and the extension66. These slots also receive the trip or lever 68, carried by theplunger or piston cable 65, for automatically changing the path ofresistance of the circuit when the lamp has reached a predeterminedpoint. This trip or lever is adjustably secured to the cable 65 by meansof a set-screw 69. Secured to the upper end of the stand-pipe 42 is amast-arm 70, which carries a bracket 71, in which is mounted a pulley orsheave 72, the grooved periphery of which is in line with the axis ofthe standpipe and which receives the piston or plunger cable 65. Themast-arm 70 has secured in the end thereof afork 73, havinga threadedstud or shank 74 for engagement in the union on the end of the mast-arm.This fork carries a shaft 75, and mounted rigidly on this shaft torevolve therewith is a sheave 76, to which the plunger or piston cable65 is connected and upon which it is wound as the lamp descends. Mountedon the ends of the shaft 75 is a pair of pulleys or sheaves 77, whichare insulated from the shaft 75, sheave 76, fork 73, and flanges 78,which are fastened to shaft 75 by dowel-pins 79 by insulation 80. Thesheaves 77 are provided on their periphery with semicircular threads toconform to the size of conducting-cable 81, terminating at binding-posts82 83 of the lamps 83. The sheaves 77 have projecting hubs 84, which areengaged by brushes 85, carried in holders 86, fastened to springs 87,which are secured to insulated studs 88 and held by yoke 89, screwedonto stud 74 of fork 73. The studs 88 are insulated from yoke 89 byinsulation 90. By the employment of the brushes for contact with thehubs 84 a constant contact is assured at all times. The lamp issuspended from a cross-strip 84' of insulation carried by theconducting-cables 81.

The mechanism for returning the lamp to the elevated or normal positioncomprises a yoke 91, which carries a collar 92, which embraces thestand-pipe 42 and is secured thereto by set-screw 93. The wire 94, (seeFig. 8,) which attaches to lug 66, winds over drum 95, mounted on ashaft 96, journaled in the yoke 91, this shaft also carrying gear 97 andratchet-wheel 98. Also journaled in yoke 91 above shaft 96 is a shaft99, which has a pinion 100 secured thereto aud also carries pawl 101 forengagement with the ratchet 98. The shaft 99 is extended at one endbeyond the yoke 91 (see Fig. 6) and carries aclutch-crank 102, looselymounted for sliding movement thereon to be engaged with and disengagedfrom clutch member 103 of the shaft 99, this clutch member beingfastened to the shaft by dowel-pin 104. To retain clutch-lever 102 onthe'shaft 99, the latter is provided at its outer end with a washer 105,secured by a screw 106 in the end of the shaft. This clutch-crank isemployed instead of employing a lever or crank, so that when disengagedfrom the clutch member 103 the pinion 100, gear 97, and shafts 96 99 arefree to turn without carrying the crank therewith, the latter hanging inaperpendicular position, and therefore not acting as counterweight tothe lamp, as would be the case were the crank fixed rigidly on the shaft99.

In order to obtain a flexible connection between the source ofelectrical supply and the stand'pipe 38, .I employ a rotarycircuit-connector. (See Figsl andll.) This device comprises a collar107,suitably attached by screws or other means to the stand-pipe 38 andprovided with an annular flange 108, which carries insulated contactsegments or plates 109, which engage contact-fingers 110 111. Thesecontact-fingers are provided with bindingposts 112 113, secured toinsulation-brackets 114, attached to the inside standards 1 and 2. Thecontact segments or plates 109 are insulated from the annular flange 108by insulation 115 and secured by screws 116. The stand-pipe is lockedafter being turned so as to swing the lamp around into position foreither cylinder, and to this end I provide the collar 40 with twonotches 40' on opposite sides of the collar to receive a lug 41, carriedbya handle 42, pivoted to a ring 43, secured to the stand-pipe directlyabove the collar 40. When the lever 42 is raised so as to disengage lug41, the stand-pipe and lamp may be swung around by means of the handleand the lug 41 engaged in the opposite notch 40 to lock the stand-pipein position.

The circuit is controlled to open and close the same by a switch carriedby the standpipe, and the lamp-circuit is controlled to change the samefrom low to high resistance by a switch also carried by the stand-pipe,

both of these switches being connected in series with the lamp,resistance, and each other.

In Fig. 14 I show a diagrammatical. view of the switches connected upwith the lamp, except that in this view the rotary circuit-connector isnot shown, it being understood that in practice the rotarycircuit-connector is interposed between the automatic main switch andthe source of electrical energy, as shown in Fig. 1. The automatic mainswitch comprises a slate or other fireproof insulation 117, on which isfastened a binding-post 118, to which is attached a fuse 119, connectingwith spring-clip 120, and forms a contact through sector-shaped knife121 with springclip 122. The knife 121 is secured to insulation-disk123, which disk is carried by brass trunnion 124. This brass trunnion124 revolves in bushing (not shown) fastened to insulated base 117. Ontop of brass trunnion 124 is secured a lever 125 by screws 126. The endof this lever 126 is provided with a conical opening 127 to receive wirecable 94, Fig. 8. On insulated base 117 there is also secured a stud128, to which there is fastened one end of a spring 129, the other endof which is secured to lever 125, this spring being adapted toautomatically close the switch when the piston-rod travels upward andreleases lever 125, due to extension 66 being moved out of engagementwith lever 125. The base 117 carries stops 117 11.8 for thesegment-knife 121. The automatic variableresistance-changing switchcomprises an insulation-base 130, binding-post 131, fuse 132,spring-clips 133 134 135, sector-shaped knife 136, insulated disk 137,brass trunnion 138, brass bushing 139, secured to base 130, stops 141and 142, trip-lever 143, secured to insulated base by stud 144. Brasstrunnion has secured thereto a lever 145 by screws 146. Spring 147 hasone end attached to lever 145 and the other end to stud 148, which issecured to insulation-base 130. To lever 145 there is also attached acord or chain 149 for the purpose of returning brass trunnion 138, sothat notch 150 will engage with point of lever 143.

In order to describe the circuit, reference will be had to Fig. 14. Thelamp is supposed to be at bottom of cylinder and showing the automaticvariable-resistance-changing switch out in series with high resistance151, thereby forming a circuit from generator 152, wire 153 tospring-clip 122, across knife 121 to springclip 120, across fuse 119 tobinding-post 118, over wire 154 to binding-post 82, across wire 155 tobinding-post 156 of resistance, through high resistance 151 tobinding-post 157, over wire 158 to spring-clip 132 of changing-switch,across knife 136 to spring-clip 134, across fuse 132 to binding-post131, over wire 159 to generator 152, thereby maintaininga closedcircuit. When the lamp is returned to its elevated or normal position,as shown in Fig. 1, the lug 66, (see Fig. 8,) depressing lever 125 ofautomatic main switch, moves knife 121 out of engagement with clip 122,and thereby automatically opening the circuit when the lamp is returnedto its elevated or normal position. In order to close the automatic mainswitch, the pawl 101 being disengaged from ratchet 98, the extension 66is carried away from lever 125 of main switch, thereby'allowing spring118 to again force knife 121 in engagement with spring-clip 122, thevariable-resistance-changing switch being manually returned by pullingon chain 149, so that triplever 143 is engaged with notch 150. When inthis position, knife 136 has been removed from contact of spring-clip132 and put in contact with spring-clip 135, thereby forming a circuitfrom clip 134 across knife 136 to spring-clip 135, over Wire 160 tobinding-post of low-resistance coil 161 to post 156, across wire 155 tobinding-post 82 of lamp, through lamp to binding-post 83, over wire 154to post 118 of main switch 117, over fuse 119 to clip 120, across knife121, spring-'clip 122, wire 153, through generator-152, over wire 159 tobinding-post 131 of changing-switch,

spring-clip 134. a It will be observed that I employ sheave or pulleys77 of a diameter considerably greater than the diameter of the sheave orpulley 76, which receives the cable attached to the lamp-controllingmeans. Attention is directed to the fact that by this construction aslow travel of the piston may be'obtained in conjunction with a quicktravel of the lamp, due to the small sheave 76 having a circumferenceconsiderably less than the circumference of the sheaves 77, carrying thelamp cords or wires. Consequently when the piston has traveled up (wewill say for illustration) five inches the small sheave has taken upfive inches of the piston-cable in one revolution. Then necessarily ifthe sheaves 77, carrying the lamp-cable, have a circumference threetimes as great as the sheave 76 the sheaves 77 will have played outfifteen inches of the cable in one'revolutionI Of course the diameter ofthese sheaves may be decreased and increased in order to obtain the sametravel with a shorter cylinder.

In connection with the rewinding means, as shown in Figs. 5, 6, and 6, Iemploy the clutch-crank,whereby it maybe engaged with the clutch memberfor operating the drum to rewind the cord or cable and elevate the lamp,and after the lamp has been elevated the crank-clutch may be disengaged,whereby when the pawl 101 is disengaged from the over fuse-wire 132 tobeginning of circuit ratchet 98 to permit the lamp to begin its descentinto the printing-cylinder the crank will hang loosely on the shaft 99and will not be carried around with the shaft as the latter revolves,thus offering no counterweight to the lamp during its descent into thecylinder and insuring a positive steady movement of the lamp.

Having fully described my'invention, What I claim as new, and desiretosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. A printing apparatus having duplex prin'tirig-cylinders, and a lampcommon to said cylinders.

2. A printing apparatus having printingframes, a lamp common to all ofthe frames, means whereby the printing process is automaticallydiscontinued, and means for regulating said last-named means,substantially as described. Q

3. A printing apparatus having priutingframes, a lamp common to all ofthe frames, means to regulate the descent of the lamp, and means toautomatically discontinue the printing process.

1. In a printing apparatus, the combination of a pair ofrotatableptinting-frames mounted to swing independently of'each other ontheir supports, means for locking said frames at different angles, and aprinting-lamp common to both of said frames, substantially as described.

5. In a printing apparatus, a pair of rotatably-mounted printing-framesmovable on their support independently of each other, and aprinting-lamp common to both of said frames, substantially as described.

0. In a printingapparatus, a pair of printing-frames rotatably mountedin a common support, and operative therein independently of each other,and a printing-lamp adapted to be lowered into the frames and common toboth of said frames, substantially as described.

7. In a printing apparatus, the combination with arotatably-mountedprinting-cylinder, of a lamp adapted to be lowered intosaid cyl inder, means for controlling the descent of the lamp into thecylinder, means for maintaining a closed circuit in the lamp during itsdescent and ascent within the cylinder, and means for opening thecircuit of the lamp after the latter is returned to its elevated ornormal position, substantially as describedI' 8. In a printingapparatus, the combination with a pair of printing-cylinders, of a lampcommon to both ofsaid cylinders 'and adapted to be lowered into thecylinders, means for controlling the descent of the lamp within thecylinders, means for maintaining a closed circuit within the lamp duringits descent and ascent within the cylinders, and means for opening saidcircuit after the lamp has returned to its elevated or normal position,sub stantially as described.

9. Ina printing apparatus, the combination with a pair ofprinting-cylinders rotatably mounted for independent movement, of a lampcommon to both of said cylinders, means for controlling thedescentfofthe lamp within the cylinders, means for maintaining a closed circuit inthe lamp during its ascent and descent Within the cylinders, and meansfor opening the said circuit when the lamp has returned to its elevatedor normal position, substantially as described;

10. In a printing apparatus, the combination with a pair of transparentprinting-cylinders, of a rotatable stand-pipe common to both of thecylinders, an arc-lamp carried by said stand-pipe and adapted for use ineach of the cylinders, means within the stand-pipe for controlling thedescent of the lamp within the cylinders, means for maintaining a closedcircuit through the lamp during the descent and ascent of the lampwithin the cylinders, and means for opening the circuit after the lamphas been returned to its elevated or normal position, substantially asdescribed.

11. In a printing apparatus, the combination with a printing-cylinderand a printinglamp, of means embodying spring-pressed aprons adapted tosecure the matter to be reproduced or copied on the exterior of thecylinder, means for fastening said aprons to the cylinder, means formaintaining a closed circuit through the lamp during its descent andascent in the cylinder, and means for opening said circuit after thelamp has been returned to its elevated or normal position, substantiallyas described.

12. In a printing apparatus for reprod ucing drawings and the like, thecombination with a transparent printing-cylinder, a rotatable frame inwhich the printing-cylinder is secured, means for locking said frame atvarious angles, an electric lamp, electrical connections with said lamp,a resistance-changing switch for maintaining a closed circuit throughthe lamp during its ascent and descent within the cylinder, means forcontrolling the descent of the lamp within the cylinder, and means foropening the circuit of the lamp after it has been returned to itselevated or normal position, substantially as described.

13. In a printing apparatus, the combination of a portable frame, arotatable frame pivotally mounted therein, a transparent cylindercarried by the rotatable frame, means forlocking said frame and cylinderat various angles, an electric lamp, electrical connections to saidlamp, a variable-resistancechanging switch in the lamp-circuit formaintaining a closed circuit in the lamp during its descent and ascentwithin the transparent cylinder, means for controlling the descent ofthe lamp, and a cut-out in the lamp-circuit for opening the circuitafter the lamp has been returned to its elevated or normal position,substantially as described.

14:. In a printing apparatus, a pair of separate supporting-framesconnected together, printing-cylinders rotatably mounted in thesupporting-frames, means for locking the printing-cylinders at variousangles, a vertically-movable lamp common to both of said cylinders, andmeans for automatically lowering the said lamp into one or the other ofsaid cylinders, substantially as described.

15. In a printing apparatus, a pair of supporting-frames,printing-cylinders rotatably mounted in said frames, means for lockingthe printing-cylinders at various angles, an electric lamp common toboth of said cylinders "and suitably connected to a source of electricalsupply, means for automatically lowering the lamp into theprinting-cylinders, a variable-resistancechanging switch in the electricconnection, and an automatic cut-out for opening the circuit of the lampwhen the latter has returned to its elevated or normal position,substantially as described.

16. In a printing apparatus, a pair of printing-frames,and a lamp commonto both frames and movable in relation to the frames, in combinationwith an automatic switch to cut off the light to the lamp at apredetermined time, substantially as described.

17. In an apparatus for copying drawings or the like, the twocylindrical printingframes, a suspended electric lamp common to both ofsaid frames, and means for controlling its descent within either of theframes, an electric switch controlling the light-circuit, and means forautomatically opening the switch when the lamp has been returned to itsnormal or elevated position.

18. In an apparatus for copying drawings and the like, a pair ofcylindrical supports for the drawings, a suspended lamp common to bothof the supports arranged to descend axially within the same, means forcontrolling the descent of the lamp, and an automaticallyoperated switchcontrolling the lamp-circuit, substantially as described.

19. In an apparatus for copying or reproducing drawings and the like,the combination of a pair of cylinders adapted to be rotated, means tosupport the subject-matter to be copied or reproduced upon the exteriorof said cylinders, a lamp adapted to be lowered therein, means common toboth cylinders for controlling the descent of the lamp within either ofthe cylinders, and means to automatically break the circuit for thepurpose of extinguishing the light, substantially as described.

20. In an apparatus for reproducing drawings and the like, thecombination of a pair of cylinders, means to support the subjectmatterto be copied or reproduced upon the exterior of said cylinders, anarc-lamp common to both of said cylinders and adapted to be lowered intosaid cylinders, and means to automatically break the circuit for thepurpose of extinguishing the light, substantially as described.

21. In a printing apparatus, the combination of a portable frame, arotatable frame mounted therein, a transparent cylinder carried by therotatable frame, an electric lamp, a stand-pipe supporting said lamp,electrical connections to said lamp, a liquidrylinder arranged in thestand-pipe, a hollow pistonrod arranged in said liquid-cylinder having aport communicating with the chamber of the cylinder, a piston carried bysaid rod and a vertically-movable valve carried by the piston-rod, andan electric cut-out for the lampcircuit, substantially as described.

22. In a printing apparatus, a pair of rotatable printing-cylinders,means for locking said cylinders at various angles, an electric lampcommon to both of the cylinders, electrical connections with said lamp,means for operating said lamp to gradually feed the same into one or theother of the cylinders, and an automatic cut-out in the electricconnections for extinguishing the lamp at a predetermined time,substantially as described.

23. In a printing apparatus, the combination of a pair of rotatableprinting-cylinders, an electric lamp common to both cylinders, electricconnections with said lamp, a liquidcylinder, a hollow piston-rodoperating in said cylinder, a piston carried by said rod, and meanswhereby the hollow piston-rod and piston are automatically raised by thecounterbalance-weight of the lamp, substantially as described.

24. In a printing apparatus, the combination with a transparentcylinder, a lamp, and means for automatically lowering the lamp into thecylinder, of rings engaging the ends of said cylinder, brackets securedto the cylinder-frame, shafts journaled in said brackets, pawls mountedupon said shafts, bindingaprons secured at their one edge to said frame,clamp-blocks carried by the other edge of said aprons to be engaged withthe pawls of the shafts, and locking means for holding the said pawls inengagement with the clamp-blocks, substantially as described.

25. In a printing apparatus, a pair of printing-cylinders, an electriclamp common to both of said cylinders, a rotatable stand-pipe supportingsaid lamp, means for rotating said stand-pipe to bring the lamp intoposition for one or the other of the cylinders, and means for lockingthe stand-pipe in position, substantially as described.

26. In a printing apparatus, a pair of printing-cylinders, rotatableframes in which said cylinders are mounted, supporting-frames in whichthe rotatable frames are mounted, a rotatable stand-pipe mounted betweenthe two cylinders, a lamp carried by the pipe and common to both of thecylinders, means for locking the stand-pipe in the desired position,electrical connections with said lamp, and a liquid-cylinder within thesaid stand-pipe for controlling the descent of the lamp Within either ofthe cylinders, substantially as described.

27. In a printing apparatus, a pair of printing-cylinders, a rotatablestand-pipe common to each cylinder, a lamp common to both of thecylinders, electrical connections with said lamp, a rotatablecircuit-connector in the electrical connections, and means within thestand-pipe for controlling the descent of the lamp in either of thecylinders, substantially as described.

28. In a printing apparatus, the combination with a printing-cylinder,an electric lamp adapted to be lowered axiallyin said cylinder, anelectric circuit to said lamp, and the means for controlling the descentof the lamp in the cylinder, of means for securing the matter to bereproduced upon the exterior of the printing-cylinder, said meanscomprising a binding-apron, spring-strips secured to said binding-apronfor automatically removing the same from the cylinder when released,clampblocks carried by the binding-apron, a rotatable shaft, pawlscarried by said shaft for engagement with the clam p-blocks to securethe apron in the fastened position, and locking means for said shafts,substantially as described.

29. In a printing apparatus, the combination with a printing-cylinder,an electric lamp adapted to be lowered in said cylinder, electricconnections with said lamp, and means for controlling the descent of thelamp into the cylinder, of means for securing the matter to bereproduced upon the exterior of the cylinder, said means comprising apair of binding-aprons, each adapted to inclose onehalf of theprinting-cylinder, means for securing the said binding-aprons in theclosed or fastened position, and spring-strips attached to said apronsadapted to elevate or move the aprons away from the cylinders whenunfastened, substantially as described.

30. In a printing apparatus, a r0tatablymounted printing-cylinderadapted to swing and be locked in the horizontal position, an electriclamp adapted to be lowered in said cylinder, electric connections withsaid lamp, means for controlling the descent of the lamp in thecylinder, and a pair of binding-aprons for securing the matter to bereproduced on the exterior of the cylinder, said bindingaprons beingpermanently fastened along one edge and detachably fastened along theother edge, and means attached to said bindingaprons for moving the sameaway from the printing-cylinder when unfastened, substantially asdescribed.

31. In a printing apparatus, the combination with the printing-cylinder,of an electrical lamp adapted to be lowered axially into the cylinder,electric connections with said lamp, means for controlling the descentof the lamp within the cylinder, and rewinding means for returning saidlamp to its elevated or normal position, said rewinding meansineluding adrum, a shaft on which the drum is mounted, a clutch member carried bythe shaft, and a clutch-crank adapted to be engaged with the clutchmember to elevate the lamp, and to remain disengaged from the clutchmember during the descentof thelamp.

32. In a printing apparatus, the combination with the printing-cylinder,of an electric lamp adapted to be lowered axially into the cylinder,electric connections with said lamp, and means for controlling thedescent of the lamp into the cylinder, said means including differentialsheaves,as and for the purpose described.

33. In a printing apparatus, a printing-cylinder, an electric lamp,electric connections with the lamp, and means including differentialpulleys for controlling the descent of the lamp into the cylinder, asand for the purpose described. I

34. In a printing apparatus, a pair of printing-cylinders, a lamp commonto both of the cylinders, electrical connection with said lamp, acircuit-connector in the electrical connections, and means forcontrolling the descent of the lamp in either of the cylinders,substantially as described.

35. In an apparatus for reproducing drawings and the like, thecombination of a printing-cylinder, means to support the subjectmatterto be copied or reproduced on the exterior of the cylinder, an arc-lampadapted to be lowered within the cylinder, electrical connections withsaid lamp, means for maintaining a closed circuit within the lamp duringits descent and ascent within the cylinder, and means for automaticallyopening said circuit after the lamp has returned to its elevated ornormal position.

printing-cylinder, of means for securing the matter to be reproducedupon the exterior of said cylinder, a lamp adapted to be lowered axiallyinto the cylinder, electrical connections with said lamp, a rotarycircuit -connector in said electrical connections, and means toautomatically open the circuit at a predetermined time to extinguish thelight, substantially as described.

37. In a printing apparatus,two frames connected together to form acommon support, a printing-cylinder rotatably mounted in each of theframes and movable independently of each other, a rotatable stand-pipe,alampcarried by said stand-pipe and common to both of the cylinders,electrical connections with the lamp, and means to automatically breakthe circuit to extinguish the light, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in the presence of twowitnesses.

REINHOLD HERMAN.

Witnesses:

J OHN GRAEBING, Jr., E. E. POTTER.

